Condensing apparatus.



PATENTED AUG. 16, 1904.

D: MoR. LIVINGSTON. GONDENSING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 11,1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

y no MODEL.

WITNESSES:

A TTORNE YS Patented August 16, 1904.

PATENT ()EEICE.

D MORA LIVINGSTON, OF NEWV YORK, N. Y.

CONDENSING APPARATUS- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 767,905,

dated August 16, 1904.

Application filed february ll, 1904. Serial No. 193,044. (No model.)

To all whmn it Wtay concern.-

Be it known that I, D MoRA LIVINGSTON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of New York, borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Cooling and Condensing Apparatus, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. Y

My invention is designed more particularly for embodiment in the cooling apparatus generally employed in connection with motorvehicles propelled by explosive-engines, and the particular example of the invention hereinafter described has especial reference to coolers for the stated purpose. It will be understood, however, that the invention has a wider field of usefulness and may be embodied in a condenser or in a heating apparatus.

The main object of the invention is to maximize the cfiiciency of apparatus of the general character indicated, so that within a given space with a given capacity of a circulatingpump or the like and other given conditions an increased rapidity of flow of the fluid to be cooled, as well as the largest possible coolingsurface, will be obtained, it being well known that these two latter features are great desiderata and the most important elements in contributing to the eflficiency of apparatus of this character.

Further objects of the invention will appear from the following description of a particular embodiment of my invention.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specifiation, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of a cooling and condensing apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation, the section being indicated by the line 2 2 ofFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a broken detail sectional view, on an enlarged scale, the section being indicated by the horizontal line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. at is a broken detail transverse vertical section on a line corresponding to the line 2 2 of Fig. 1, but illustrating a slightly-different form of the conduits for the fiuid to be cooled. Fig. 5 is modification of the walls a fragmentary perspective view showing the upper portion of a side member of the frame. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view showing an end portion of a frame member, forming the bottom of the upper chamber from which the conduits lead. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of the end portion of a bottom member of the frame, and Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic View given to illustrate a of the conduits.

In constructing an apparatus of the detail form shown as an example of my invention a frame is provided which is indicated as a whole by the letter A, and in said frame, which will be hereinafter more particularly described, there are supported the corrugated conduits B for the fluid to be cooled when the apparatus is employed as a cooler, said conduits being juxtaposed to form intervening spaces or passages between them, said passages ranging at right angles to the general direction of said conduits and serving for the passage of, say, a cooling medium, such as air, individual corrugations therefore having walls in the form of three sides of a square. The upper ends of the tortuous conduits B lead from acham berD, provided in the upper portion of the frame A, while the lower ends of said conduits deliver to a chamber D, said chambers D and D being in practice connected with a circulating-pump or the like and being provided, respectively, with the inletopening (Z and the outlet d. It will be observed from Fig. 1 that the corrugations of the conduits present runs or members alternately parallel with the general longitudinal direction of the conduits and approximately at right angles to the said general direction. The two Walls of each corrugated conduit B in the instance shown, which is a preferred form and advantageous, as will appear, are each formed with alternate large and small corrugations, so that the small corrugation of one Wall extends partially into the larger corrugation of the companion wall of the conduit. These alternate larger and smaller corrugations present uniformly wide members parallel with the general direction of the conduit, members 6 at approximately right angles to the said members 6,

and uniformly smaller members 5 parallel with the members I). This produces spaces of uniform size and produces conduits in which those runs that range in a similar direction will have a uniform length. In producing the conduits the two walls of which are similarly formed with the members 55 6 as described, I prefer to employ separate plates. it is not essential that the corrugations of boththe walls of a conduit be correspondingly formed of alternate small and large corrugations, though this form is advantageous, since the stated uniformity in the size of the airspaces and in the similar runs of the conduits not only gives a more attractive appearance, a

but results in a uniform effect of the cooling medium, owing to the spaces therefor being equal. There is also economy in making both walls of similar form. 1 show diagrammatically in Fig. 8 a form of conduit in which one wall, 7/, has its corrugations uniform, while those of the companion wall, 7), are alternately wide and narrow. From an inspection of Fig. 1 it will be seen that adjacent conduits B have other and important characteristics in their relation to each other. Thus those corrugations that have a corresponding direction are disposed in alinement with each other, and theclosed or inner end of a corrugation in one conduit bridges the open end of asimilar corrugation in an adjacent conduit to complete a space or passage O. In the form shown also-that is, with both walls of a conduit formed with alternate wide and narrow corrugationsthe bridging portions are constituted by the wider corrugations-that is, by the members Again, the said bridging memberb of one conduit 1 may and preferably do extend beyond the bridged spaces, so as to overlap two adjacent wide members 6 of an opposing conduit, whereby I very firmly brace one conduit by another without appreciably diminishing the total effective radiating-surface. The special purpose of the approximately right-angular corrugations, the runs of which alternately parallel the general direction .of the conduit and range at about right angles thereto, will be understood from the follow-- ing: Thus, for instance, in a frame of a given size and with conduits having essentially rectangular corrugations it will be apparent that comparing conduits arranged as shown in Fig. 1, with a form of conduit largely employed in coolers for motor vehicles and wherein the runs of the conduit are diagonal to the general direction of the conduit, it will be evident that with the conduits formed as I have described there will be a less number of conduits, but necessarily longer onesthat is to say, the number of equal squares in a frame of given size will be equal whether the sides of the squares are diagonal to the sides of the frame or parallel with the respective sides of the frame, as in my cooler; but the It will be understood, however, that conduits with the diagonal runs will necessarily be shorter, since theessential differenceis represented by the difference in length between the hypotenuse of a right angle isosceles triangle and the combined length of the base and perpendicular of the triangle. It follows, therefore, that the conduits in my described form being longer the conduits will be fewer in number. The decreased number gives. an advantage of convenience in assembling and results in a greater rapidity of flow under given conditions of pump capacity, 620., while the increased length compensates for the decreased time of exposure of the fluid in passing over a given surface, due to the increased rapidity of flow. I attain. therefore, anincreased efficiency, due to this greater rapidity of flow. The comparison has reference to two forms in which the corrugations present approximately right-angular members.

When separate plates are employed, as in the form shown in'Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the sides of the conduits are closed by offsetting from the plane of the plate the side edges of the members presented by the corrugations of each plate. It is to be noted that the offset of a plate is not continuous and uniform along the-wholeextent of the edge, as certain bends or members presented by the corrugations are left plane to the extreme edge and, moreover, the extent or depth of the offset varies, as will now be explained in detail. It will be observed that the section-line 2 2, on which Fig. 2 is taken, cuts members 6', that form, when the conduits run in an up-and-down direction, the horizontal members I), hereinbefore simply described as at right angles to the general direction of the conduit. As will be seen from Figs. 1 and 2, the side edges of these members 6' of each plate forming a wall of a conduit are correspondingly offset, as indicated at 6 so that thesaid offset edge portions 6 will meet at the median line of the conduit-that is to say, the offset necessary to bring the edges close together is equal in each edge portion 6 of each plate. As shown in Fig. 3, however, and at the left of Fig. 1, the meeting edges by which the sides of the vertical members of the conduits are made to form a closure of said vertical members 5 b are not offset in the same manner as just described with reference to the members 7/. It will be seen that a side edge 6 of the larger vertical members 5 extend .in the same plane as said member Z) to the extreme edge and is not offset, while the adjacent edge 6' of a smaller vertical member If is offset to a greater degree than are the members 7), the members 72 at their edgeportionbeing offset to contact with the edge portion of the plane member 6. Thus the wide member Z) extends clear to the edge without offsetting, while the offsetting of the members 6 is of asufiicient degree to bring the two edges together.

By the described manner of corrugating the edge portions of the several members I bring the corners of the corrugations into close relation to the extreme outer ends, as will clearly appear from the left of Fig. 1, and therebywhen solder is applied to the meeting edges of the corrugations of two adjacent plates the solder will at the same time and at the extreme edge unite, as at b, the abutting or overlapping corners of adjacent conduits.

I prefer to employ the frame A of the form shown. composed plate or covering A the two constituting the top and bottom of the upper chamber D, previously referred to. The inner plate A is U- shaped in cross-section, as shown best in Fig. 2, and its upper edges are flanged outwardly, as at a, while the upper or outer plate A has its side edges returned inward or crimped, as at a, to receive and clamp over the outwardly-projecting flanges a of the plate A. The frame at the bottom of the cooleris formed by a U-shaped member or plate A, the legs a of which extend downwardly. Within this mem her A is received a member A of similar formation, but smaller, forming the bottom of the chamber D,the inner riveted, as at (0 and also soldered to the legs a to rigidly unite the said members. At the sides of the cooler-the frame A is formed in a manner similar to the described top portion of the frame-that is to say, there is an inner member or plate A and an outer member or plate A, the inner plate being U-shaped and having its sides outwardly flanged, as at a to be clamped by the crimped or returned edge portions 6/ of the outer frame member A. The upper end inturned, as at a, and, if desired, the sides of said plate A may be continued to permit of being bent over onto the flange or inturned portion a, as shown' at a in Fig. 5. The lower end of each plate A engages outwardlyprojecting end flanges or ears a, Fig. 7, on the bottom plate A while the upper ends of said. plates A engage similar ears 'or end flanges A on plate A.

As shown best in Fig. 6, the plate A, forming the bottom of the chamber D, is formed with slots a for receiving the upper ends of the conduits B, the being of reduced width, as at a to conform to the offset and closed side edges of the conduits. Similarly, the bottom plate or frame member A is formed with corresponding slots (4, through which project into the chamber D the lower ends of the conduits.

It will be apparent that certain characteristics of my invention are independent of the conduits, being constituted of two separate plates, as said conduits may be in the form of flattened tubes B-that is to say, with continuous walls on all sides, as illustrated in Fig. 4. In other respects the conduits B are right angular, the walls The upper portion of this frame is I of an inner plate A and an outer member having its legsa of each plate or member A is said slots at their ends the same as the conduits B and form airpassages O. 7

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent' 1. An apparatus of the class described, comprising corrugated conduits, juxtaposed and forming intervening transverse passages or spaces between adjacent conduits, the bends forming the corrugations being approximately of the conduits presenting alternate runs or members parallel with the general direction of the conduit, and runs at approximately right angles to the said general direction, individual corrugations thus having walls in the form of three sides of a square.

2. An apparatus of the class described, comprising corrugated conduits, juxtaposed and forming intervening transverse passages or spaces between adjacent conduits, the bends forming the corrugations being approximately right angular, the walls of the conduits presenting alternate runs or members parallel with the general direction of the conduit, and runs at approximately right angles to the said general direction, individual corrugations thus having walls in the form of three sides of a square, the individual corrugations in one conduit being opposite and bridging corresponding corrugations in an adjacent conduit.

3. An apparatus of the class described, comprising corrugated conduits, juxtaposed to form intervening spaces or passages, the bends or corrugations in one conduit being in alinement with and bridged by corresponding corrugations of an adjacent conduit.

4. An apparatus of the class described, comprising corrugated conduits, each side wall of each conduit presenting alternate'wide and narrow corrugations, said conduits being juxtaposed, with the wide corrugations of a wall of one conduit bridging the spaces between the wide corrugations of the wall of an adjacent conduit.

5. An apparatus of the class described, comprising corrugated conduits,each side wall of each conduit presenting alternate wide and narrow corrugations, said conduits being j uxtaposed, with the wide corrugations of a wall of one conduit bridging the spaces between and overlapping the wide corrugations of the wall of an adjacent conduit.

6. An apparatus of the class described, comprising corrugated conduits, a wall of each conduit having alternate wideand narrow corrugations, and the open sides of the corrugations in one conduit being bridged by the similarly-disposed corrugations of an adjacent conduit.

7. An apparatus of the class described, comprising conduits having corrugations and juxtaposed, forming spaces or passages intervening between the conduits, the open sides of the corrugations in one conduit being bridged by the similarly-disposed corrugations of an adjacent conduit.

8. An apparatus of the class described, having a series of plates each provided with wide and narrow corrugations and assembled in pairs and in registering relation, with the wide corrugations of each plate to abut against the adjacent plate of the next pair and extend across the narrow corrugations therein; said narrow corrugations of the plates forming in conjunction with a plate of an adjacent pair individual spaces or passages, and said pairs of plates also producing tortuous circulationconduits which partially surround said spaces or passages.

9. In an apparatus of the class described, a plurality of corrugated plates assembled in pairs; each plate being provided with narrow and wide corrugations disposed alternately one to the other; the companion plate of each pair being assembled for the narrow corrugationsto iit in the wide corrugations, and said plates of each pair having abutting engagement at the angles or corners by the wide corrugations of one plate overlapping the wide corrugations of an adjacent plate of an adjoining pair.

10. An apparatus of the class described, comprlsing corrugated conduits formed of pairs of plates having the side edges thereof in close relation to close the sides of the conduits, the conduits being uxtaposed to form intervenlng spaces, the ad acent angles of ad acent conduits lying in close relation throughout the width of the plates, including the meeting side edges of said plates.

11. An apparatus ofthe class described,comprising conduits of pairs of plates having corrugations, the conduits being juxtaposed and forming intervening spaces, the open sides of the corrugations in one conduit being bridged by the similarly-disposed corrugations or an adjacent conduit, and the adjacent angles of adjacent conduits being in close relation throughout the width of the plates, including the meeting side edges of said plates.

12. An apparatus of the class described,com prising conduits formed of corrugated plates and juxtaposed to form intervening passages, members of a plate of one conduit bridging the corrugations of the adjacent plate of an adjoining pair, and the said bridging members being continued in substantially the same plane to the edge, while an opposing edge portion of the companion plate of a pair 1s offset to a meeting with the said plane edge.

13. An apparatus of the class described,comprising conduits composed of pairs of corrugated plates, the corrugations in a plate of one conduit bridging the similarly-disposed corrugations in the adjacent plate of an adjoining conduit, and the said bridging portions of a plate being continued in substantially the same plane to the side edges, while the edge portions of the opposing member of the companion plate of a pair is offset to a meeting with the said plane edge.

14:. An apparatus of the class described, comprising conduits composed of pairs of corrugated plates, the corrugations in a plate of one conduitbridging the similarly-disposed corrugations in the adjacent plate of an adjoining conduit, and the said bridging portions of a plate being continued in substantially the same plane to the side edges, while the edge portions of the opposing member of the companion plate of a pair is offset to a meeting with the said plane edge, the pertions of the plates forming the remaining sides of a corrugation having their side edges offset about equally to bring the edges or each pair of plates at said remaining portions to a meeting at about the median line of the conduit.

15. An apparatus of the class described,com prising corrugated conduits composed of separate plates, the conduits being juxtaposed to form intervening spaces or passages, the open sides of the corrugations in one conduit being bridged by the simi larly-disposed corrugations in an adjacent conduit, and that side edge of one of the plates which bridges a corrugation in an adjacent plate of an adjoining pair being in substantially the same plane to the edge, while anopposing edge portion of the companion plate of a pair is offset to a meeting with the said plane edge portion, the walls of individual corrugations extending on three sides of a space, one of said sides being formed by the aforementioned bridging member, the said plates at the remaining-of said sides of the space having their edge portions about equally offset to bring their meeting-points approximately at the median line of the conduit.

16. An apparatus of the class described, comprising corrugated conduits formed of pairs of plates having the side edges thereof in close relation to close the sides of the conduits, the conduits being juxtaposed to form intervening spaces, the adjacent angles of adjacent conduits lying in close relation at the side edges.

17. An apparatus of the class described, formed of pairs of plates having corrugations, the conduits being juxtaposed and forming intervening spaces, the open sides of the corrugations in one conduit' being bridged by the similarly-disposed corrugations of an adjacent conduit, and the adjacent angles of adjacent conduits being in close relation at the side edges.

18. An apparatus of the class described,comprising conduits forming intervening spaces, and a frame in which said conduits are mounted, said frame comprising at one end inner and outer plates, said plates forming a chamber with which the conduits at one end communicate, and the inner one of said plates being substantially U-shaped in cross-section and having outwardly-projecting flanges extending at the top and side edges, the flanges at the top being engaged by returned bends formed on the other of said plates, the said frame at the end opposite the first-mentioned end comprising inner and outer plates formmg a second chamber with which the opposite ends of the conduits communicate, the

last-mentioned inner and outer plates being united one to the other, and one of said. plates having outwardly-projecting end flanges, the plates forming said end chambers being united by side members comprising inner and outer plates of which one is substantially U-shaped in cross-section and is united to the other, the U-shaped plates of the side members having on twardly-ranging flanges that engage the end flanges of a plate of each end chamber.

' In testimony whereof Ihave signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

D MoRA LIVINGSTON.

Witnesses:

J. L. MOAULIFFE, EVERARD BOLTON MARSHALL. 

